home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
- NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is
- being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.
- The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been
- prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.
- See United States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.
-
- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
-
- Syllabus
-
- GODINEZ, WARDEN v. MORAN
- certiorari to the united states court of appeals for
- the ninth circuit
- No. 92-725. Argued April 21, 1993-Decided June 24, 1993
-
- After respondent Moran pleaded not guilty to three counts of first-
- degree murder and two psychiatrists concluded that he was
- competent to stand trial, he informed the Nevada trial court that he
- wished to discharge his attorneys and change his pleas to guilty. The
- court found that Moran understood ``the nature of the criminal
- charges against him'' and was ``able to assist in his defense''; that he
- was ``knowingly and intelligently'' waiving his right to the assistance
- of counsel; and that his guilty pleas were ``freely and voluntarily''
- given. He was ultimately sentenced to death. When Moran
- subsequently sought state postconviction relief, the trial court held
- an evidentiary hearing before rejecting his claim that he was
- mentally incompetent to represent himself, and the State Supreme
- Court dismissed his appeal. A Federal District Court denied his
- petition for a writ of habeas corpus, but the Court of Appeals
- reversed. It concluded that due process required the trial court to
- hold a hearing to evaluate and determine Moran's competency before
- it accepted his decisions to waive counsel and plead guilty. It also
- found that the postconviction hearing did not cure the error, holding
- that the trial court's ruling was premised on the wrong legal
- standard because competency to waive constitutional rights requires
- a higher level of mental functioning than that required to stand trial.
- The court reasoned that, while a defendant is competent to stand
- trial if he has a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings
- and is capable of assisting his counsel, he is competent to waive
- counsel or plead guilty only if he has the capacity for reasoned choice
- among the available alternatives.
- Held: The competency standard for pleading guilty or waiving the right
- to counsel is the same as the competency standard for standing
- trial: whether the defendant has ``sufficient present ability to consult
- with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding''
- and a ``rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings
- against him,'' Dusky v. United States, 362 U. S. 402 (per curiam).
- There is no reason for the competency standard for either of those
- decisions to be higher than that for standing trial. The decision to
- plead guilty, though profound, is no more complicated than the sum
- total of decisions that a defendant may have to make during the
- course of a trial, such as whether to testify, whether to waive a jury
- trial, and whether to cross-examine witnesses for the prosecution.
- Nor does the decision to waive counsel require an appreciably higher
- level of mental functioning than the decision to waive other
- constitutional rights. A higher standard is not necessary in order to
- ensure that a defendant is competent to represent himself, because
- the ability to do so has no bearing upon his competence to choose self-
- representation, Faretta v. California, 422 U. S. 806, 836. When, in
- Westbrook v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 150 (per curiam), this Court vacated
- a lower court ruling because there had been no ``hearing or inquiry
- into the issue of [the petitioner's] competence to waive his
- constitutional right to the assistance of counsel,'' it did not mean to
- suggest that the Dusky formulation is not a high enough standard in
- cases in which the defendant seeks to waive counsel. Rather, the
- ``competence to waive'' language was simply a shorthand for the
- ``intelligent and competent waiver'' requirement of Johnson v. Zerbst,
- 304 U. S. 458, 468. Thus, Westbrook stands only for the
- unremarkable proposition that when a defendant seeks to waive his
- right to counsel, a determination that he is competent to stand trial is
- not enough; the waiver must also be intelligent and voluntary before
- it can be accepted. While States are free to adopt competency
- standards that are more elaborate than the Dusky formulation, the
- Due Process Clause does not impose them. Pp. 6-13.
- 972 F. 2d 263, reversed and remanded.
- Thomas, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Rehnquist,
- C. J., and White, O'Connor, and Souter, JJ., joined, and in Parts I,
- II-B, and III of which Scalia and Kennedy, JJ., joined. Kennedy, J.,
- filed an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment, in
- which Scalia, J., joined. Blackmun, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in
- which Stevens, J., joined.
-